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NAD⁺ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)

Overview

NAD⁺ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is an essential coenzyme present in every living cell, where it plays a fundamental role in numerous biological processes. It has become a major focus of modern biomedical research because of its involvement in cellular energy production, metabolic regulation, and mechanisms associated with cellular maintenance. Preclinical investigations continue to explore how NAD⁺ influences molecular pathways linked to healthy aging, DNA repair, and mitochondrial function.

Although naturally occurring rather than a peptide, NAD⁺ is widely used in laboratory research as a valuable compound for studying cellular metabolism and biochemical signalling.

Research Applications

Current research has identified several important areas where NAD⁺ is actively being investigated:

Cellular Energy Production
NAD⁺ is essential for mitochondrial function and ATP generation, making it a key molecule in studies examining cellular energy metabolism and metabolic efficiency.

DNA Repair and Cellular Maintenance
Researchers have explored the role of NAD⁺ in supporting enzymes involved in DNA repair, genomic stability, and cellular responses to environmental stress.

Oxidative Stress Research
Laboratory models have examined how NAD⁺ contributes to maintaining redox balance and protecting cells from oxidative damage.

Healthy Aging
Preclinical studies continue to investigate the relationship between declining NAD⁺ levels and biological pathways associated with aging, longevity, and age-related cellular function.

Neuroscience
NAD⁺ has also attracted interest in neurological research, where it is being studied for its potential involvement in neuronal health, synaptic function, and resistance to cellular stress.

Collectively, these areas of investigation have established NAD⁺ as one of the most widely researched molecules in metabolism, aging, neuroscience, and cellular biology.

Technical Specifications

• Chemical Name: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (Oxidized Form)
• Alternative Names: β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide; Coenzyme I; DPN
• Molecular Formula: C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂
• Molecular Weight: 663.43 g/mol
• CAS Number: 53-84-9
• PubChem CID: 5893
• Classification: Oxidized pyridine nucleotide coenzyme

Storage Recommendations

• Lyophilized NAD⁺ should be stored at −20 °C for optimal long-term stability.
• After reconstitution, solutions should be refrigerated between 2 °C and 8 °C and used within an appropriate timeframe to maintain stability.

Solubility

NAD⁺ is readily soluble in sterile water and commonly used aqueous buffer systems.

References

Bogan, K. L., & Brenner, C. (2008). Nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and nicotinamide riboside: A molecular evaluation of NAD⁺ precursor vitamins in human nutrition. Annual Review of Nutrition, 28, 115–130.

Verdin, E. (2015). NAD⁺ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration. Science, 350(6265), 1208–1213.

Cantó, C., & Auwerx, J. (2012). NAD⁺ as a signaling molecule modulating metabolism. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 76, 291–298.

Research compound only. Not for human consumption